Kai Renn

ACE-031 peptide is a soluble form of the type IIB activin receptor (ACVR2B), studied for its potential regulatory action on muscle growth. ACE-031 research suggests that the compound may have an extensive role in binding with and subsequently inactivating myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth that functions as a potent inhibitor of both skeletal […]

Fragment 176-191, a modified AOD 9604 peptide, is a Ipamorelin reconstitution methods (hGH) fragment. The 176th to the 191st aminos are separated from the chain, with one more amino acid (Tyrosine) added to the fragment. This growth hormone peptide (hGH) fragment has been speculated by researchers to potentiate lipolysis, or fat cell decomposition, a role […]

Vialox appears to be a synthetic pentapeptide comprising the sequence Gly–Pro–Arg–Pro–Ala (GPRPA), also referred to as pentapeptide-3. It is purportedly derived from proteolytic fragments of snake venom, with its alternating proline residues perhaps lending conformational stability that favors receptor engagement.(1) Vialox peptide is believed to function as a competitive antagonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on […]

Melanotan 2 binding affinity peptide is a synthetic analog developed to mimic the mechanism of action of alpha-MSH. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone 2 (MSH-2) is similar to MSH-1 in potency, range of receptors, and activity but is considered to posses greater stability, blood-brain permeability, and longer half-life. The PT-141 reconstitution methods system consists of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), […]

MT-1 (Melanotan 1) is considered to be a synthetic peptide structurally similar to the naturally occurring alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), differing by two amino acid substitutions (methionine replaced by norleucine and L-phenylalanine replaced by D-phenylalanine).(1) These structural modifications may support the affinity of MT-1 towards PT-141 receptor activation receptors (MCRs) and prolong its biological half-life compared […]

NAD amino acid sequence+ peptide, an acronym denoting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, represents the oxidized iteration of NADH. Its principal biological role is speculated to encompass the mediation of electron transfer from one biochemical reaction to another, thereby potentially serving as an agent in the intracellular conveyance of energy. Under specific circumstances, NAD+ appears to extend […]

ARA-290 is a synthetic 11-amino acid peptide developed to mimic erythropoietin’s structure and function (EPO). This hormone is considered to be a production regulator of red blood cells.(1) ARA-290 peptide is a non-erythropoietic peptide that researchers suggest does not stimulate red blood cell production but may exhibit tissue-protective and anti-inflammatory potential.  ARA-290 was developed by […]

TB-500 molecular structure / Thymosin beta 4 is made up of 43 amino acids, making it a oligopeptide, and has a molecular weight of 4.9 kDa. It is considered to be present in most tissues, with the exception of erythrocytes (red blood cells). The peptide was initially discovered as a protein isolate in the mammalian […]

Researchers believe AICAR peptide (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) to be a synthetic analog of adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Both AICAR and AMP are thought to belong to a class of molecules called nucleotides, which serve as the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA. It is thought that nucleotides may play a key role in storing and transferring […]

This article summarizes how GHRPs and CJC-1295 peptide have been studied synergistically in